Description 

Berca is a village nearby the city of Buzau, in the western half of Wallachia.

The Berca Mud Volcanoes are a geological and botanical reservation. Its most spectacular feature is the mud volcanoes, small volcano-shaped structures typically a few meters high, caused by the eruption of mud and natural gases. The mud volcanoes create a strange lunar landscape, due to the absence of vegetation around the cones.

As the gasses erupt from 3000 meters-deep towards the surface, through the underground layers of clay and water, they push up underground salty water and mud, so that they overflow through the mouths of the volcanoes, while the gas emerges as bubbles. The mud dries off at the surface, creating a relatively solid conical structure, resembling a real volcano. The mud expelled by them is cold, as it comes from inside the Earth's continental crust layers, and not from the mantle. Vegetation is scarce because the soil is very salty, an environmental condition in which few plants can survive. However, this kind of environment is good for some rare species of plants. The phenomenon can be observed on two separate locations near the Berca commune, dubbed the Little Mud Volcanoes and The Big Mud Volcanoes. The reservation is unique in South-Eastern Europe.